SMS Lebanon: Internet slang around the world.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Internet slang around the world.(Wikipedia).: The Internet has helped people from all over the world to become connected to one another, enabling "global" relationships...

Internet slang around the world.(Wikipedia).

The Internet has helped people from all over the world to become connected to one another, enabling "global" relationships to be formed.^[46] As such, it is important for the various types of slang used online to be recognizable for everyone. It is also important to do so because of how other languages are quickly catching up with English on the Internet, following the increase in Internet usage in countries predominantly non-English speaking. In fact, as of May 31, 2011, only approximately 27% of the online population is made up of English speakers.^[47]

Different cultures tend to have different motivations behind their choice of slang, on top of the difference in language used. For example, in China, because of the tough Internet regulations imposed, users tend to use certain slang to talk about issues deemed as sensitive to the government. These include using symbols to separate the characters of a word into other to avoid detection and hence resulting incensorship.^[48] An outstanding example is the use of the term river crab to denote censorship. River crab (hexie) is pronounced the same as "harmony"—the official discourse used to justify political discipline and censorship. As such Chinese netizens reappropriates the official language in a sarcastic way.^[49]

Abbreviations are popular across different cultures, including countries like Japan, China, France, Portugal, etc., and are used according to the particular language the Internet users speak. Significantly, this same style of slang creation is also found in non-alphabetical languages^[1] as, for example, a form of 'e gao' or alternative political discourse.^[8]

The difference in language often results in miscommunication, as seen in an Onomatopoeic example, "555", which sounds like "crying" in Chinese, and "laughing" in Thai.^[50] A similar example is between the English "haha" and the Spanish "jaja", where both are onomatopoeic expressions of laughter, but the difference in language also meant a different consonant for the same sound to be produced. For more examples of how other languages express "laughing out loud", see also: LOL

In terms of culture, in Chinese, the numerically based onomatopoeia "770880" (simplified Chinese: 亲亲你抱抱你; traditional Chinese: 親親你抱抱你; pinyin: qīn qīn nǐ bào bào nǐ), which means to 'kiss and hug you', is used.^[50] This is comparable to "XOXO", which many Internet users use. In French, "pkoi" is used in the place of pourquoi, which means why. This is an example of a combination of onomatopoeia and shortening of the original word for convenience when writing online.

In conclusion, every different country has their own language background and cultural differences and hence they tend to have their own rules and motivations for their own Internet slang. However, at present, there is still a lack of studies done by researchers on some differences between the countries.

On the whole, the popular use of Internet slang has resulted in a unique online and offline community as well as a couple sub-categories of "special internet slang which is different from other slang spread in the whole internet… similar to jargon … usually decided by the sharing community".^[7] It has also led to virtual communities marked by the specific slang they use^[7] and led to a more homogenized yet diverse online culture.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Internet slang today.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Internet slang today.(Wikipedia).: Although Internet slang began as a means of "opposition" to mainstream language, its popularity with today's globalize...

Internet slang today.(Wikipedia).

Although Internet slang began as a means of "opposition" to mainstream language, its popularity with today's globalized digitally literate population has shifted it into a part of everyday language, where it also leaves a profound impact.^[43]

Frequently used slang also have become conventionalised into memetic "unit[s] of cultural information".^[6] These memes in turn are further spread through their use on the Internet, prominently through websites. The Internet as an "information superhighway" is also catalysed through slang.^[26] The evolution of slang has also created a 'slang union'^[1] as part of a unique, specialised subculture.^[26] Such impacts are, however, limited and requires further discussion especially from the non-English world. This is because Internet slang is prevalent in languages more actively used on the Internet, like English, which is the Internet’s lingua franca.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Use beyond computer-mediated communication.(Wikipe...

SMS Lebanon: Use beyond computer-mediated communication.(Wikipe...: Internet  slang  has crossed from being mediated by the computer into other non-physical domains. [35]  Here, these domains are ta...

Use beyond computer-mediated communication.(Wikipedia).

Internet slang has crossed from being mediated by the computer into other non-physical domains.^[35] Here, these domains are taken to refer to any domain of interaction where interlocutors need not be geographically proximate to one another, and where the Internet is not primarily used. Internet slang is now prevalent in telephony, mainly through short messages (SMS) communication. Abbreviations and interjections, especially, have been popularized in this medium, perhaps due to the limited character space for writing messages on mobile phones. Another possible reason for this spread is the convenience of transferring the existing mappings between expression and meaning into a similar space of interaction.^[36]

At the same time, Internet slang has also taken a place as part of everyday offline language, among those with digital access.^[35] The nature and content of online conversation is brought forward to direct offline communication through the telephone and direct talking, as well as through written language, such as in writing notes or letters. In the case of interjections, such as numerically based and abbreviated Internet slang, are not pronounced as they are written physically or replaced by any actual action. Rather, they becomelexicalized and spoken like non-slang words in a “stage direction” like fashion, where the actual action is not carried out but substituted with a verbal signal. The notions of flaming and trolling have also extended outside of the computer, and are used in the same circumstances of deliberate or unintentional implicatures.^[6]

The expansion of Internet slang has been furthered through codification and the promotion of digital literacy. The subsequently existing and growing popularity of such references among those online as well as offline has thus advanced Internet slang literacy and globalized it.^[37] Awareness and proficiency in manipulating Internet slang in both online and offline communication indicates digital literacy and teaching materials have even been developed to further this knowledge.^[38] A South Korean publisher, for example, has published a textbook that details the meaning and context of use for common Internet slang instances and is targeted at young children who will soon be using the Internet.^[39]Similarly, Internet slang has been recommended as language teaching material in second language classrooms in order to raise communicative competence by imparting some of the cultural value attached to a language that is available only in slang.^[40]

Meanwhile, well-known dictionaries such as the OED^[41] and Merriam-Webster have been updated with a significant and growing body of slang jargon. Besides the all too common examples, lesser known slang and slang with a non-English etymology have also found place in standardized linguistic references. Along with these instances, literature in user-contributed dictionaries such as Urban Dictionary has also been added on to. Codification seems to be qualified through frequency of use, and novel creations are often not accepted by other users of slang.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Views on Internet slang.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Views on Internet slang.(Wikipedia).: There have been ongoing debates about how the use of slang on the Internet influences language usage outside of technology. Even tho...

Views on Internet slang.(Wikipedia).

There have been ongoing debates about how the use of slang on the Internet influences language usage outside of technology. Even though the direct causal relationship between the Internet and language has yet to be proven by any scientific research,^[20] Internet slang has invited split views on its influence on the standard of language use in non-computer-mediated communications.

Prescriptivists tend to have the widespread belief that the Internet has a negative influence on the future of language, and that it would lead to a degradation of standard.^[9] Some would even attribute any declination of standard formal English to the increase in usage of electronic communication.^[20] It has also been suggested that the linguistic differences between Standard English and CMC can have implications for literacy education.^[21] This is illustrated by the widely reported example of a school essay submitted by a Scottish teenager, which contained many abbreviations and acronyms likened to SMS language. There was great condemnation of this style by the mass media as well as educationists, who expressed that this showed diminishing literacy or linguistic abilities.^[22]

On the other hand, descriptivists have counter-argued that the Internet allows better expressions of a language.^[20] Rather than established linguistic conventions, linguistic choices sometimes reflect personal taste.^[23] It has also been suggested that as opposed to intentionally flouting language conventions, Internet slang is a result of a lack of motivation to monitor speech online.^[24] Hale and Scalon describe language in Emails as being derived from "writing the way people talk", and that there is no need to insist on 'Standard' English.^[12] English users, in particular, have an extensive tradition of etiquette guides, instead of traditional prescriptive treatises, that offer pointers on linguistic appropriateness.^[23] Using and spreading Internet slang also adds onto the cultural currency of a language.^[25] It is important to the speakers of the language due to the foundation it provides for identifying within a group, and also for defining a person’s individual linguistic and communicative competence.^[25] The result is a specialized subculture based on its use of slang.^[26]

In scholarly research, attention has, for example, been drawn to the effect of the use of Internet slang in ethnography, and more importantly to how conversational relationships online change structurally because slang is used.^[25]

In German, there is already considerable controversy regarding the use of anglicisms outside of CMC.^[27] This situation is even more problematic within CMC, since the jargon of the medium is dominated by English terms.^[11] An extreme example of an anti-anglicisms perspective can be observed from the chatroom rules of a Christian site,^[28] which bans all anglicisms ("Das Verwenden von Anglizismen ist strengstens untersagt!"), and also translates even fundamental terms into German equivalents.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Types of slang.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Types of slang.(Wikipedia).: Internet slang does not constitute a homogeneous language variety. Rather, it differs according to the user and type of Internet sit...

Types of slang.(Wikipedia).

Internet slang does not constitute a homogeneous language variety. Rather, it differs according to the user and type of Internet situation.^[11] However, within the language of Internet slang, there is still an element of prescriptivism, as seen in style guides, for example Wired Style,^[12] which are specifically aimed at usage on the Internet. Even so, few users consciously heed these prescriptive recommendations on CMC, but rather adapt their styles based on what they encounter online.^[13] Although it is difficult to produce a clear definition of Internet slang, the following types of slang may be observed. This list is not exhaustive.

Class	Description
Letter homophones	Included within this group are abbreviations and acronyms. An abbreviation is a shortening of a word, for example "CU" or "CYA" for "see you (see ya)". An acronym, on the other hand, is a subset of abbreviations and are formed from the initial components of a word. Examples of common acronyms include "LOL" for "laugh out loud" and "BTW" for "by the way". There are also combinations of both, like "CUL8R" for "see you later".
Punctuation, capitalizations and other symbols	Such features are commonly used for emphasis or stress. Periods or exclamation marks may be used repeatedly for emphasis, such as "........" or "!!!!!!!!!!". Question marks and exclamation marks are often used together in strings such as "?!?!?!?!" when one is angry while asking a question. Grammatical punctuation rules are also relaxed on the Internet. "E-mail" may simply be expressed as "email", and apostrophes can be dropped so that "John's book" becomes "johns book". Examples of capitalizations include "STOP IT", which can convey a stronger emotion of annoyance as opposed to "stop it". Bold, underline and italics are also used to indicate stress.
Onomatopoeic and/or stylized spellings	Onomatopoeic spellings have also become popularized on the Internet. One well-known example is "hahaha" to indicate laughter. Onomatopoeic spellings are very language specific. For instance, in Spanish, laughter will be spelt as "jajaja" instead. In Korean, it is "kekeke"
Keyboard-generated emoticons and smileys	Emoticons are generally found in web forums, instant messengers and online games. They are culture-specific and certain emoticons are only found in some languages but not in others. For example, the Japanese equivalent of emoticons, kaomoji (literally "face marks"), focus on the eyes instead of the mouth as in Western emoticons. They are also meant to be read right-side up, as in ^_^ as opposed to sideways, :^). More recently than face emoticons, other emoticon symbols such as <3 (which is a sideways heart) have emerged. Compared to emoticons used in Western cultures such as the United States, kaomoji play a very distinct social role in online discourse.[14]
Direct requests	These are found in chat engines such as Internet Relay Chat or online games, where personal identities may be concealed. As such, questions such as "A/S/L?" which stands for "age, sex, location?" are commonly posed.[15]
Leet	Leetspeak, or 1337,[16] is an alternative alphabet for the English language which uses various combinations of ASCII characters to replace Latinate letters. For example, Wikipedia may be expressed as "\/\/1|<1p3[)14". It originated from computer hacking, but its use has been extended to online gaming as well.
Flaming	Flaming refers to the use of rude or profane language in interactions between Internet users.[17] It can be caused by any subject of polarizing nature. For example, there is an ongoing debate between users of Windows and Mac OS as to which is "superior". Historically, the act of flaming has been described as an intrinsic quality of emails due to an absence of visual and auditory cues in computer-mediated communication (CMC).[18]
Padonkaffsky jargon	Olbanian language is a Russian cant language developed by padonki of Runet. The language entered mainstream culture and it has been suggested that Olbanian should be taught in schools.[19]

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Internet Slang "Motivation".(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Internet Slang "Motivation".(Wikipedia).: The primary motivation for using a slang unique to the Internet is to ease  communication . However, while Internet slang shortcuts ...

Internet Slang "Motivation".(Wikipedia).

The primary motivation for using a slang unique to the Internet is to ease communication. However, while Internet slang shortcuts save time for the writer, they take two times as long for the reader to understand, according to a study by the University of Tasmania.^[4] On the other hand, similar to the use of slang in traditional face-to-face speech or written language, slang on the Internet is often a way of indicating group membership.^[5]

Internet slang provides a channel which facilitates and constrains our ability to communicate in ways that are fundamentally different from those found in other semiotic situations. Many of the expectations and practices which we associate with spoken and written language are no longer applicable. The Internet itself is ideal for new slang to emerge because of the richness of the medium and the availability of information.^[6] Slang is also thus motivated for the “creation and sustenance of online communities”.^[6] These communities in turn play a role in solidarity or identification^[1][7] or an exclusive or common cause.^[8]

Crystal distinguishes among five Internet situations: The Web, email, asynchronous chat (for example, mailing lists), synchronous chat (for example, Internet Relay Chat), andvirtual worlds.^[9] The electronic character of the channel has a fundamental influence on the language of the medium. The options of communication for the user are constrained by the nature of the hardware needed in order to gain Internet access. Thus, productive linguistic capacity (the type of information that can be sent) is determined by the preassigned characters on a keyboard, and receptive linguistic capacity (the type of information that can be seen) is determined by the size and configuration of the screen. Additionally, both sender and receiver are constrained linguistically by the properties of the internet software, computer hardware, and networking hardware linking them. Electronic discourse refers to writing that is "very often reads as if it were being spoken – that is, as if the sender were writing talking"

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Internet Sland In Pop Culture.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Internet Sland In Pop Culture.(Wikipedia).: In English, examples include the word "bazinga" from the  CBS  show  The Big Bang Theory . [ citation needed ]  In Japan...

Internet Sland In Pop Culture.(Wikipedia).

In English, examples include the word "bazinga" from the CBS show The Big Bang Theory.^{[citation needed]} In Japanese, the term moe has come into common use among slang users to mean something extremely cute and appealing.^{[citation needed]}

Aside from the more frequent abbreviations, acronyms, and emoticons, Internet slang also uses archaic words or the lesser-known meanings of mainstream terms.^[1] Regular words can also be altered into something with a similar pronunciation but altogether different meaning, or attributed new meanings altogether.^[1] Phonetic transcriptions of foreign words, such as the transformation of "impossible" into "impossibru" in Japanese and then back to English, also occur.^{[citation needed]} In places where logographic languages are used, such as China, a visual Internet slang exists, giving characters dual meanings, one direct and one implied.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Origin Of Internet Slang.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Origin Of Internet Slang.(Wikipedia).: Internet slang originated in the early days of the Internet with some terms predating the Internet. [2]  Internet slang is used in  cha...

Origin Of Internet Slang.(Wikipedia).

Internet slang originated in the early days of the Internet with some terms predating the Internet.^[2] Internet slang is used in chat rooms, social networking services, online games,video games and in the online community. Since 1979, users of communications networks like Usenet created their own shorthand.

Patrick Abboud
Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Internet slang.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Internet slang.(Wikipedia).: Internet slang  ( Internet shorthand ,  Cyber-slang ,  netspeak , or  chatspeak ) refers to a variety of  slang  languages used by dif...

Internet slang.(Wikipedia).

Internet slang (Internet shorthand, Cyber-slang, netspeak, or chatspeak) refers to a variety of slang languages used by different people on the Internet. It is difficult to provide a standardized definition of Internet slang due to the constant changes made to its nature.^[1] However, it can be understood to be a type of slang that Internet users have popularized, and in many cases, have coined. Such terms often originate with the purpose of saving keystrokes or to compensate for small character limits. Many people use the same abbreviations in texting and instant messaging, and social networking websites. Acronyms, keyboard symbols andabbreviations are common types of Internet slang. New dialects of slang, such as leet or Lolspeak, develop as ingroup internet memes rather than time savers.

Patrick Abboud
Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Mobile instant messaging.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Mobile instant messaging.(Wikipedia).: Mobile Instant Messaging  ( MIM ) is a presence enabled messaging service that aims to transpose the  Internet  desktop messagin...

Mobile instant messaging.(Wikipedia).

Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) is a presence enabled messaging service that aims to transpose the Internet desktop messaging such as ICQ or MSN experience to the usage scenario of being connected via a mobile/cellular device. While several of the core ideas of the desktop IM experience and functionality on one hand apply to a connected mobile device, others do not: Users usually only look at their phone's screen—presence status changes might occur under different circumstances as happens at the desktop, and several functional limits exist based on the fact that the vast majority of mobile communication devices are chosen by their users to fit into the palm of their hand.

Some of the form factor and mobility related differences need to be taken into account in order to create a really adequate, powerful and yet convenient mobile experience: radio bandwidth, memory size, availability of media formats, keypad based input, screen output, CPU performance and battery power are core issues that desktop device users and even nomadic users with connected notebooks are usually not exposed to. There are two distinct methods to enable mobile instant messaging;

• Embedded Clients – tailored IM client for every specific device with a special backend server installed within the cellular operator's service.
• Clientless Platform – a browser based application without downloading any software to the handset or need for any technical support by the cellular operator which enables all users, all devices and from any network to connect to their Internet IM service.

By all communication market analysts the Clientless Platform is by far the more preferred method between the two.^{[citation needed]} The Embedded Clients cost for installment, technical and consumer support. Embedded Clients are simply too expensive to develop and deploy for the cellular operator.^{[citation needed]} On the other hand, the Clientless Platform enables full interoperability between networks and communication platforms – at no technical and consumer support. In the past Microsoft & AOL have tried to develop such a solution with minor success. But since the popularity of 2.5 generation cellular handsets and even more so since the appearance of the 3G technology – enabling fast data trafficking – will finally enable widespread MIM usage.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Text messaging in popular culture.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Text messaging in popular culture.(Wikipedia).: Records and competition [ edit ] The  Guinness Book of World Records  has a world record for text messaging, currently held by Son...

Text messaging in popular culture.(Wikipedia).

Records and competition[edit]

The Guinness Book of World Records has a world record for text messaging, currently held by Sonja Kristiansen of Norway. Kristiansen keyed in the official text message, as established by Guinness, in 37.28 seconds.^[147] The message is, "The razor-toothed piranhas of the genera Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus are the most ferocious freshwater fish in the world. In reality, they seldom attack a human."^[147] In 2005, the record was held by a 24-year-old Scottish man, Craig Crosbie, who completed the same message in 48 seconds, beating the previous time by 19 seconds.^[148]

The Book of Alternative Records lists Chris Young of Salem, Oregon, as the world-record holder for the fastest 160-character text message where the contents of the message are not provided ahead of time. His record of 62.3 seconds was set on 23 May 2007.^[149]

Elliot Nicholls of Dunedin, New Zealand, currently holds the world record for the fastest blindfolded text messaging. A record of a 160-letter text in 45 seconds while blindfolded was set on 17 November 2007, beating the old record of 1-minute 26 seconds set by an Italian in September 2006.^[150]

Ohio native Andrew Acklin is credited with the world record for most text messages sent or received in a single month, with 200,052. His accomplishments were first in the World Records Academy and later followed up by Ripley's Believe It Or Not 2010: Seeing Is Believing. He has been acknowledged by The Universal Records Database for the most text messages in a single month; however, this has since been broken twice and now is listed as 566607 messages by Mr. Fred Lindgren.^[151]

In January 2010, LG Electronics sponsored an international competition, the LG Mobile World Cup, to determine the fastest pair of texters. The winners were a team from South Korea, Ha Mok-min and Bae Yeong-ho.^[152]

On 6 April 2011, SKH Apps released an iPhone app, iTextFast, to allow consumers to test their texting speed and practice the paragraph used by Guinness Book of World Records. The current best time listed on Game Center for that paragraph is 34.65 seconds.^[153]

Morse code[edit]

A few competitions have been held between expert Morse code operators and expert SMS users.^[154] Several mobile phones have Morse code ring tones and alert messages. For example, many Nokia mobile phones have an option to beep "S M S" in Morse code when it receives a short message. Some of these phones could also play the Nokia slogan "Connecting people" in Morse code as a message tone.^[155] There are third-party applications available for some mobile phones that allow Morse input for short messages.

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon

SMS Lebanon: Texting Security concerns.(Wikipedia).

SMS Lebanon: Texting Security concerns.(Wikipedia).: Consumer SMS can be used for confidential communication. The contents of an SMS messages should not be known to the network operator...

Texting Security concerns.(Wikipedia).

Consumer SMS can be used for confidential communication. The contents of an SMS messages should not be known to the network operator's systems and personnel. Therefore, consumer SMS is an appropriate technology for secure communications.^[146] In that case, those that worked in O2 was fired for violating operator security. The SMS is encrypted between handsets, and can be intercepted in the HLR only, and should be stored encrypted in the SMSC. The security of an SMS message is of another league than Internet security, but Gartner Group has found that also with mobile phone operators, hackers exist, but they have to walk on their own feet into what should have been a high-security area. You cannot intercept an SMS at other points, not that attempts has been made.

The network use the SS7 connectivity to route the messages and SMS gateway only when the destination is unreachable. The SMS has to go through the HLR/VLR but since this is part of the signalling, the message will be passed by IN - the "Intelligent Network" - the actual path taken is impossible to trace. The only place it will be intercepted is at the HLR and here it is encrypted again and passed on to the destination, if this is available according to network status. If the device is not connected, the SMS gateway will be used to hold it, until the handset tries to connect and is verified by the HLR - the user enters the correct PIN/PUK code and granted roaming. IN will change the network as subscribers move, using distributed software overseen by an "Operational Support System" - OSS. (see Wikipedia : Software-defined networking). The OSS determines the rules, while the "network elements" will ensure that these are adhered to and there is no time to check with the "boss" what to do. Lines are connected and taken down millions of times per second. Should you be on a foreign network, like abroad, the local operator has a "Visitor Location Register" - VLR, and this gets the credentials and encryption keys from your operator and stores a local copy. A SMS will be intercepted by the VLR that acts as proxy for your home HLR. This allows the operator abroad to send on an SMS to a local subscriber or any other foreign subscriber without intervention from your operator - except for charges for their service.

Failure rates without backward notification can be high between carriers (T-Mobile to Verizon is notorious in the US)^{[citation needed]}. International texting can be extremely unreliable depending on the country of origin, destination and respective operators (US: "carriers"). SMS is to be coded in the ITU-T character set, which coincide with "simple ASCII text" as long as "all is default". But if a Chinese subscriber does the same, this can arrive as Chinese characters in the US, and you may not be able to read this. Likewise, someone that lives in the US can send in Chinese to China - given that their phone has the software to enter the text. Difference in "Country Code" and "Default Character Set" may yield surprising results.

What many discussions forget is that the operator (US:"Carrier") will use special messages that can control the mobile phone - typically use of radio channels. But what you all see is that the phone is loaded with access point names, IP addresses, routing gateways, service centre names (SMSC, MMSC), voicemail numbers apparently out of nothing. These comes in a burst of messages when you connect for the first time, and "programs" your phone to work in the network - as managed by the OSS. Those that describe "Stagefright" (Wikipedia Stagefright (bug) ) seems to have discovered this character set all over again.

If you trust your operator, you can trust SMS to be safe and reliable. Only they can intercept it. However, a new category of Internet based messages exists and here you have to trust every router that you pass the IM across. To be blunt: The competence in GSM networks is low in the US and misleading information is frequent. Just see that the NSA nor the Israeli intelligence has been able to intercept messages sent from Gaza or IS, Taliban and members of Al Qaeda in the Middle East, although they certainly know where they are. That they are unable to intercept should be evidence enough to consider SMS to be safe, secure and impossible to intercept.

Consumer SMS	Business SMS
Reliable	Timely delivery
Measurable via delivery notifications	Measurable via delivery notifications
No message loss	No message loss
Full transparency and security through end-to-end delivery	Full transparency and security through end-to-end delivery
Viable for person-to-person communications as well as B2B and Enterprise	Viable for all types of mobile interaction: B2B, B2C, C2B, C2C

Patrick Abboud

Hassoon